2دانشجوی دکتری زبان‌شناسی همگانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
چکیده
در این مقاله قصد داریم به بررسی نشانداری در صرف اسم و ضمیر زبانهای ایرانی نو شمال غربی از منظری درزمانی براساساصل کاستن صورتها (هاوکینز 2004) بپردازیم. طبق این اصل صورتهای نشاندار پایینترین مرتبه و صورتهای بینشان بالاترین مرتبه را در سلسلهمراتب کاربردبنیاد دارند. ترتیب مقولات در سلسلهمراتب کاربردبنیاد بر اساس بسامد وقوع آنها در زبانها است و دلیل این بسامدهای گوناگون را میتوان به دلایل ارتباطی، پیچیدگی و وقوع نابرابر عناصر زبانی در محیط اجتماعی نسبت داد.در این مقاله نشان دادهایم تغییرات نشانداری در سلسلهمراتب شمار و جنس در صرف اسم و ضمیر زبانهای مورد مطالعه، طبق اصل کاستن صورتها و پیشبینیهای آن است و در سلسلهمراتب حالت استثنائاتی وجود دارد که مطابق پیشبینیهای این اصل نیست.
The study of markedness hierarchies in nominal and pronominal morphology of modern north-western Iranian languages
چکیده [English]
This paper aims to investigate markedness in nominal and pronominal morphology of modern north-western Iranian languages from a diachronic perspective based on Hawkinʼs (2004) minimized forms principle. Based on this principle marked forms ocuupy the lowest and unmarked forms the highest position in performance-based hierarchies. Forms are ranked based on their frecuency in performance-based hierarchies. The reason that there exist these different frecuensies can be attributed to communicative reasons, complixity and different occurances of linguistic units in outside world. In this paper, we have shown that markedness changes in number and gender hierarchies are in line with minimized forms principle and its predictions in the investigated languages, but there are some exceptions in case hierarchy, which is not in line minimized forms predictions.
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