Phonological and morphological adaptations in Azerbayjani Turkish loanwords

Document Type : Research original ,Regular Article

Authors
Mohammad Reza Ahmadkhani
Diana Rashidian
.
Abstract
This research is on the phonological and morphological shifts of Azerbaijani Turkish loanwords. Speakers of most languages in order to utilize the loan words shift and adapt them according to their native morphological and phonological system. In this research, first, the loanwords from Arabic and Persian collected, and then their phonological shifts as vowel harmony, mutation, insertion, deletion, lenition, and assimilation as well as morphological shifts such as derivation and compounding studied. The method of this research is descriptive and analytic and data are collected from Turkish dictionaries. The framework of phonological shifts is generative phonology. In this research, 704 loanwords from Arabic and Persian studied. Among phonological shifts the most frequent shift was vowel harmony and the least one is assimilation. In morphological shifts, derivation and compounding are studied. In this type of shift, the most frequent one is derivation and the least one is compounding.
Keywords
Phonological shift
morphological shift
loanwords
Azerbaijani Turkish
Persian
بهزادی، بهزاد.(1389). فرهنگ ترکی-فارسی. تهران: فرهنگ معاصر.
حق شناس، علی محمد.( 1384). آواشناسی زبان فارسی. تهران:  انتشارات آگاه.
شقاقی، ویدا.(1387). مبانی صرف، تهران: انتشارات سمت.
مدرسی، یحیی.(1391). در آمدی بر جامعه شناسی، تهران: پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی.
هادی،اسماعیل.(1379). فرهنگ ترکی نوین: تاملاتی در عرصه ریشه شناسی ترکی فارسی، تبریز: احرار.
  Abdul Jabar, M.(1983).  Arabic loan words in Malay.Kualalimpur: University of Malay Press.
 Aitchison, J.(2000). Language change: progress or decay.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ahmadkhani.M.R.(2010a).»Phonological metathesis in Persian: synchronic,diachronic and  optimality«.Pazuhesh-e Zabanhaye Khareji,56,5-25.
Ahmadkhani, M.R.(2010b). »Vowel and Vowel-consonant Harmony in Persian«. Seoul International Conference on Linguistics. (SICOL 2010).University of Korea, South Korea.
Ball, M.J,& N. Muller.(1992). Mutation in Welsh: London: Rutledge.
Berko, J. (1958). The Child's learning of English morphology. Word, 14, 150 177.
Bjorkman, E.(1969). Scandinavian loan-words in Middle English. New York: Haskell House.
Chang, C.B.(2008). Phonetics vs. phonology in loanword adaptation: revisiting the role of the bilingual, California: UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report.
Corriente, F. (2008). A dictionary of Arabic and allied loanwords. Ledidedn: Brill
Danesi, M. (1985). Loanwords and Phonological Methodology. Toronto: Didier.
Dohlus, K. (2010). The role of phonology and phonetics in Loanword phonology: German and French front round vowels in Japanese. Berlin: Peter Lang.
Lewis, G.(1967). Turkish Grammar.Oxford University Press.
Gonzalez,F.R.(1996). Spanish loanwords in English language: a tendency toward hegemony reversal. Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter
Green, Antony.D.(2003). The Independence Of Phonology And Morphology: The Celtic Mutition. University of Potsdam, ZAS Papers in Linguistics ,vol. 32: 47-86.
Gumperz, J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gussenhoven, Carlos & Jacobs, Haike.(2011). Understanding Phonology. London.
Hafiz,Ola,(1996). « Phonological and Morphological Integration of Loanwords into Egyptian   Arabic », Égypte/Monde arabe( Première série) 27-28.383-410.
Haspelmath, M. & Uri Tadmor. (2009). Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Haugen, E. (1950). »The Analysis of Linguistic Borrowing«. Language 26, p. 210-231. 
Haugen, ------. (1969). The Norwegian language in America.  Bloomington : Indiana University  Press.  
Heath, Jeffery.  (1989). From Codes witching to Borrowing: Foreign and Diglossic Mixing in  Moroccan Arabic,. London: Kegan Paul International
Hoffmann, C. (1991). An introduction to bilingualism. London: Longman
Hudson, R.A.(2001).Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Irwin, M.(2011).Loanwords in Japanese. AmsterdamJohn Benjamin.
Jensen, J.T.(2004). Principles of Generative Phonology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Jones. R. (2008). Loan words In Indonesian and Malay. Leiden: KITLV Press.
Kabak, A.(2011). Turkish vowel harmony. In M.V. Ostendorf, C. J. Wen, E
Hume, K. Rice (eds), The Blackwell Companion to Phonology,Oxford:
Blackwell,2831-2855.
Katamba,  Francis.(2006). .An Introduction to Phonology. New York: Longman.
Kenstowic,M,& C.W.Kisseberth.(1979).Generative Phonology: Descreption and
Theory.New York: Academic Press.
LaCharité, D. & Paradis, C. (2005). »Category preservation and proximity versus phonetic approximation in loanword adaptation«. Linguistic Inquiry 36-2: 223-258.
Lewis.L.G.(2000). Turkish Grammar.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Oh,M. & S, Kim. (2011). »Morphological effects in loanword adaptation: Adaptation of the English plural suffix into Korean«. Linguistic Research:29(2) 299-314.
Poplack, S. (1980). »Sometimes I'll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en Espanol: toward a typology of code-switching«. Linguistics.18:581-618.
Premawardhenam, N.C.(2003). Impact of english loanwords on modern Sinhala. In 9th    International Conference on Srilanka Studies. 
Romain, Suzanne.(1989). Bilingualism. Oxford: Basil Blachwell.
Spencer, Andrew. (1996). Phonology. Oxford: Blachwell.
 Spencer, A & A.M. Zawicky.(2001). The handbook of Morphology. Oxford:
Blachwell.   
Trudgill,P.(1974). Sociolinguistics: An introduction. New York: Penguine.
---------.(2002). Socioloinguistic variation and change. Edinburg: Edinburg University Press.                                                                                             
    Uffman, C.(2007). Vowel epenthesis in loanword adaptation. Berlin: De Mouton Gruyter
Zawawi, S. (1979). Loanwords and their effect onclassification of Swahili nominals.  Theleiden: Brill.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Language Studies
Volume 7, Issue 13
May 2016
Pages 1-15

  • Receive Date 19 May 2016
  • Revise Date 17 June 2016
  • Accept Date 08 July 2016