Language Studies

Language Studies

Some Emendations for Sanskrit Version of Jīvaka-Pustaka

Document Type : Research original ,Regular Article

Author
magid tameh
10.30465/ls.2020.5442
Abstract
Jīvaka-Pustaka is one of the medical texts that belongs to Ayurveda Medicine. In addition to the Sanskrit version, there is also a Khotanese translation of this text. The Sanskrit version and its Khotanese translation have written in a variety of Brāhmi script. The Sanskrit version was very messy and practically illegible until some scholars in view of other Ayurvedic texts, such as the Siddhasāra and Khotanese translation of Jīvaka-Pustaka started to reconstruction and emendation it. The manuscript of Jīvaka-Pustaka has 71 pages and contains both the Sanskrit version and its Khotanese translation. This text is composed of 91 formulae. Except for one of the formula in which, after each Sanskrit phrase, the Khotanese translation of it has been written, in other formulae, first, the Sanskrit text is written and then followed by the corresponding Khotanese translation. The first person who amended this text was a scholar named Hoernle who corrected the two formulae. Afterwards, Emmerick regarding Khotanese translation also revised two formulae. Finally, a Chinese scholar, by name Chen, amended the whole of the text and published it in 2005. In this essay, it would be tried to correct some mistakes of Chen and propose new suggestions for some illegible words.
Keywords
Khotanese
Sanskrit
Jīvaka-Pustaka
Siddhasāra
Ayurveda
طامه، مجید (1393). بررسی و ترجمۀ متنی پزشکی به زبان ختنی (جیوَکه‌پوستَکه). رسالۀ دکتری فرهنگ و زبان‌های باستانی. دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی. دانشگاه تهران.
طامه، مجید (1395). «آیوروده یا طب سنتی هند در متون ختنی». پژوهش‌های ایرانشناسی، س 6، ش 1، ص 69-88.
Bailey, H. W. (1969). Khotanese Texts I-III. Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bailey, H. W. (1979). Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bailey, H. W. (1983). ‘Khotanese Saka Literature’. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (2), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. ed. E. Yarshater. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1230-1243.
Chen, M. (陳明). (2005). Dunhuang chutu hu yu yi dian <> yanjiu (敦煌出土胡語醫典<<耆婆書>> 研究 = A Study on Sanskrit Text of Jivaka-pustaka from Dunhuang). Hong Kong.
Degener, A., 1989, Khotanische Suffixe, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
Dresden, M. J., 1955, ‘The Jātakastava or Praise of the Buddha’s Former Births’’, Transactions of the American Philosophica Society, New Series, vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 397-508.
Emmerick, R. E. (1979). ‘Contribution to the Study of the Jīvaka-Pustaka’. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies XLII, part 2, pp. 235-243.
Emmerick, R. E., 1982, The Siddhasāra of Ravigupta, vol.2: The Tibetan Version with Facing English Translation, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag GMBH.
Emmerick, R. E. (1992). ‘The Savastika Antidote’. Journal of the European Āyurvedic Society 2, pp. 60-81.
Emmerick, R. E. (1994). ‘The Mahāsauvarcalādi Ghee’. Memoriae Munusculum: Gedenkband für Annemarie v. Gabain, eds. K. Röhrborn and W. Veenker. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 29-42.
Filliozat, J., (1946-7). ‘Khotanese Text I’. Journal Asiatique 235, pp. 134-135.
Hoernle, A. F. R. (1917). ‘An Ancient Medical Manuscript from Eastern Turkestan’. Commemorative Essays Presented to Sir Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar. Poona. pp. 415-432.
Konow, S. (1941). A Medical Text in Khotanese: Ch. II 003 of the India Office Library with Translation and Vocabulary. Oslo: Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad.
Maggi, M. (2008). ‘Jīvakapustaka’. Encyclopaedia Iranica. online, http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/jivakapustaka
Maue, D. (1990). ‘Das Mahāvaidehakaṃ ghr̥tam in Tocharisch B’. Historische Sprachforschung 103, Bd. 1, pp. 159-165.
Monier-Williams, M. (1899). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pischel, R. (1999). A Grammar of the Prākrit Languages, Eng. Tr. by Subhadra Jhā, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.

  • Receive Date 03 April 2020
  • Revise Date 30 May 2020
  • Accept Date 11 July 2020