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Bactrian correspondence: A case study of cl and cm letters

    Authors

    • Najmeh Gharib 1
    • zohre zarshenas 2

    1 Islamic Azad University, Science and Research, Tehran Branch, Faculty of Language and Literature

    2 d

,

Document Type : Research original ,Regular Article

10.30465/ls.2021.7001
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Abstract

In this research, cl and cm letters from Bactrian letters collection have been studied. First, the author has transliterated the two letters and translated them into Persian, then analyzed the lexicon. The letters show that the two letters are related to each other and indicate the correspondence of government officials in Bactria. For example, letters begin with "a greeting to my dear brother", and the author of the letter expresses his pleasure at hearing the ruler's health, and at the end, again, Greetings to the ruler. The letters are about stealing horses. This article, while providing a Persian translation of these letters, seeks to answer the following questions: 1. what is the style of writing in Bactria? 2- Based on these letters, letters, is it possible to understand writer's and recipient's occupation? 3. According to these letters, is it possible to understand the rank of the officers? 4. What is the tone of the letters?
Key words: Bactrian language; Bactria; cl and cm letters; horse theft; Bactrian letters; documents and correspondence in middle periods.

Keywords

  • "Bactrian language"
  • "Bactria
  • cl and cm letters"
  • "horse theft"
  • " letters"
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References
بیوار،ا. د. ه.( 1373). "تاریخ مشرق ایران"، در:تاریخ ایران از سلوکیان تا فروپاشی دولت ساسانیان(جلد سوم، قسمت اول)،به کوشش احسان یارشاطر، ترجمه حسن انوشه،  تهران :امیرکبیر.
سیمزویلیامز، نیکلاس،(1379)."رمززدایی از زبان بلخی، پرتوی تازه بر افغانستان باستان"، ترجمه محمود جعفری دهقی، مجله زبانشناسی، سال پانزدهم، شماره دوم، پاییز و زمستان1379، صص83-107.
جعفری دهقی،محمود،(1392)."درآمدی بر زبان بلخی"،انتشارات پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی،چاپ اول،تهران.
زرشناس،زهره.(1376) :"زبان بلخی"،نامه فرهنگستان علمی‌ـپژوهشی)،فصلنامه فرهنگستان زبان وادب فارسی،سال سوم،شماره اول. صص 12- 40.
زواری، محمد امین، (1388)."جغرافیای تاریخی بلخ"،انتشارات بنیاد وقوفات افشار یزدی، تهران.
مرادی غیاث آبادی،رضا.(1392) نامه های سغدی [ پژوهش های ایرانی] .بازیابی شده در تاریخ 2 مرداد 1392
منصوری،یدالله؛شریفانی،پویا.(1394) "نامه های منوچهر، متن انتقادی (آوانویسی)، واژه نامه، نمایه پهلوی" انتشارات آوای خاور.
 
 
 
 
 
Lerich, A., (1989). "Pre-Islamic Bacrtia" ,in:encyclopediaIranica,(ed.E.Yarshater),P.340
Maricq, Andre,( 1958). Inscriptions  deSurkh-kotal (Baghlan). La Grande Inscription de kanishka et L ,Eteo-Tokharien, L ,ancienne Langue de la Bactriane, JA, 343-440
Sims-Williams,N., 1989."Bactrian", Compendium LinguarumIranicarum.ed.R.Schmitt,                                                    Wiesbadan,PP.230-235.
,(2004)."Recent Discoveries in the Bactrian Language and their Historical Significance ",Kabul : Socirty for the preservation of Afghanistan,s Cultural Heritage. .
,  (2007). BDII: Bactrian Documents fromNorthernAfghanistanII: Letters and Buddhist Texts, United Kingdom
,(2010)."Iranische  Personnamenbuch  Band II Mitteliranische  Personennamen  Fazikel  7  Bactrian Personal  Names", Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie  der Wissenschaften.
Tosi,M., (1988)."The Origin Of Early Bactian Civilization ", in:Bactria: An Ancient oasis civilization from the sands of Afghanistan, edited by Ligabue Giancarlo & Salvatior Sandro, Venice, Italy.
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Language Studies
Volume 12, Issue 2 - Serial Number 24
November 2021
Pages 213-234
Files
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History
  • Receive Date: 28 June 2021
  • Revise Date: 21 September 2021
  • Accept Date: 09 October 2021
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How to cite
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Statistics
  • Article View: 531
  • PDF Download: 511

APA

Gharib, N. and zarshenas, Z. (2021). Bactrian correspondence: A case study of cl and cm letters. Language Studies, 12(2), 213-234. doi: 10.30465/ls.2021.7001

MLA

Gharib, N. , and zarshenas, Z. . "Bactrian correspondence: A case study of cl and cm letters", Language Studies, 12, 2, 2021, 213-234. doi: 10.30465/ls.2021.7001

HARVARD

Gharib, N., zarshenas, Z. (2021). 'Bactrian correspondence: A case study of cl and cm letters', Language Studies, 12(2), pp. 213-234. doi: 10.30465/ls.2021.7001

CHICAGO

N. Gharib and Z. zarshenas, "Bactrian correspondence: A case study of cl and cm letters," Language Studies, 12 2 (2021): 213-234, doi: 10.30465/ls.2021.7001

VANCOUVER

Gharib, N., zarshenas, Z. Bactrian correspondence: A case study of cl and cm letters. Language Studies, 2021; 12(2): 213-234. doi: 10.30465/ls.2021.7001

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