Language Studies

Language Studies

Agreement and Case Systems and their roles in Determining the Pashto Language Type (Standard Dialect of Afghanistan)

Document Type : Research original ,Regular Article

Authors
Mohammad Dabir-moghaddam 1
Enayat Rahman Mayar 2
1 Professor of Linguistics Department, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 The Student of Ph.D, General linguistics, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
10.30465/ls.2023.43627.2097
Abstract
In this article, the agreement and case systems of Pashto (the Standard dialect of Afghanistan) were examined with the purpose of determining its typological features. To achieve this goal, a grammatical study of agreement and case systems was performed, and the role of these two systems in determining the type of Pashto language was examined. The Pashto language has both agreement and case systems. According to the agreement and case systems in the non-past tense, Pashto is known as a nominative-accusative language. However, in the past tense, due to the agreement and case systems, it is called ergative -absolutive. Therefore, the Pashto language is neither completely nominative-accusative nor unanimously ergative -absolutive. Languages that have such a feature are called split type. in compound verbs, three types of agreement were introduced, including the agreement of the compound verb with the subject, agreement of the compound verb with the object, and simultaneous agreement of the compound verb with both subject and object. This type of agreement was detected in the future tense, present perfect imperative verbs, as well as interrogative, exclamatory, and vocative verbs in the present perfect tense.
Keywords
Pashto
agreement
case system
split type
dual agreement

Subjects

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Language Studies
Volume 14, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
February 2024
Pages 53-76

  • Receive Date 21 November 2022
  • Revise Date 07 March 2023
  • Accept Date 12 March 2023