Language Studies

Abstract Bactria is a source of New-Persian literature. Therefore, New-Persian has borrowed a number of Bactrian words. These words may be classified in two groups. The first group includes words in which old Iranian "d" was converted to "l". The members of this group are more than those of the second group. The second group includes words in which this phonological conversion did not take place.

Abstract The experience of social life has taught us that if we want to be successful in our social contacts, we should have special social behavior, proportionate to the situation and the social relationship that exists between us and others. As a matter of fact what we call appropriate social behavior, is merely appropriate linguistic behavior. The appropriate linguistic behavior is to recognize what to say in each social situation and what not to say, so When we want to use taboos, we should pay attention to it. In this article, the usage of taboos in Turkmen speakers’ speech has been studied. The findings demonstrated that there is a meaningful relationship between the use of taboos and the social factors like gender and age.

Abstract The “Rapitwin” is considered as a highly important yazata (adorabale one) within the Zoroastrian religion. He is the lord of that portion of a day which is called “Rapitwin gāh”. In Zoroastrian mythology, the Rapitwin gāh signifis a quality of time which can be interpreted as “the ideal time”. This gāh is considered to represent either the beginning of creation, the moment of resurrection and also is supposed to be the period during which the saošyants will appear. The material symbol of the “Rapitwin gāh” is noontime. The myth of Rapitwin has brought about wonderful and impressive rituals amongst the Zoroastrian ceremonies. Special rituals are celebrated for this lord to bid him farewell, when he goes underground, in order to protect the roots of vegetation, which is at the beginning of the great winter, a hundred days before the first day of the new year and again at the time of his return over the ground, on the new year's day. The ritual for Rapitwin, at the first day of Farvardin, may be considered as the festival of the "seventh creation" which is fire. The “Jašn-e Sade”, the festival which is observed on the occasion of the discovery of fire, and the prayers and rituals for the lord of Rapitwin support this opinion.

Abstract The rare manuscript of Malek’s National library in Tehran is an important Avesta manuscript and Geldner has not seen it in his famous work. It is an Indian manuscript with special features that had written by a Parsi Hirbed’s son, Darab son of Rostam, in the 1102 Y/1732 AD. English surgeon and collector, Samuel Guise, in the nineteenth century took it to London from India. In the 1812 sale, it was sold and until 1377 Š , the book was among the various collectors. Malek’s National Library, at this year, bought it.
The aim of this article is introduce the importance of Malek’s manuscript, and also it provides explanation and analysis of the structure of Vandidad Sade.

Abstract The present paper aims at introducing and presenting the reading of a new found funerary inscription in the Bokhong region of Kazerun in Iran. This funerary inscription is a monumental inscription belonging to the end of Sassanid period and the beginnings of Islamic period. Numerous funerary inscriptions were found in this region. These inscriptions are significant as they are informative both with regard to epigraphical issues and evidences about ancient funeral ceremonies. This inscription is in cursive Pahlavi. It is broken and damaged and was found in the vicinity of a mosque in Kazerun. The name which is read on this inscription by the authors of the present paper is Mahbam.

Abstract Text linguistics is a functional approach emphasizing the communicative role of language which considers the main role of language to make communication and transfer meaning among the language actors. From this aspect, language obtains a social direction and its chief role is analyzed in social context. Functional Linguistics assigns three metafunctions for language every one of which views language uniquely and offers different cutting of world. experimental metafunction considers language as a representing tool of internal and external worlds of humans. Interpersonal metafunction considers language a tool for mutual action among humans and finally textual metafunction puts language in relation to a situational context and prepares the necessary foundations for two other metafunction; therefore, it forms the textness of text along with the coherence tool. In this essay, it is tried to read one of Akhavan poems from Textual Metafunction Perspective and while reviewing the arrangement of elements in text, it is tried to show how the poet has stylistically used this metafunction in representing his mind and his internal work’s theme.